Cigarette excise taxes are widely viewed by health economists as an effective tool to reduce
cigarette consumption. However, those opposed to increasing cigarette excise taxes often state
that the taxes unfairly target certain segments of the population, notably the poor and minorities.
Some of this opposition may have been fueled by a lack of understanding of how the tax will
affect the health and welfare of various demographic groups of interest. This article provides
guidance to policy makers by estimating price elasticities among adults by gender, income, age,
and race or ethnicity. Women, adults with income at or below the median income, young adults,
African-Americans, and Hispanics are most responsive to cigarette price increases. For example,
adults with income at or below the median are more than four times as price-responsive as those
with income above the median.
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