Associations between comparative perceptions of memory functioning and broader social comparison tendencies among middle-aged and older adults

Abstract

This study explored how midlife and older adults' social comparison tendencies are associated with their self-assessment of memory compared to peers. We measured social comparison orientation (SCO), specific types of everyday comparisons (eating behavior and physical activity), and anxiety. Data were collected from 496 adults (249 men; Mage = 58.7) who completed the web-based survey between June and August 2022. Binary logistic regression was used along with a series of models. The findings suggested that older age and better self-rated cognitive functioning were associated with fewer reported memory problems, while higher anxiety was associated with more memory problems. When these variables were controlled, the association between SCO and memory problems, as well as domain-specific comparisons, was no longer significant. Future research should consider the complex mental processes involved in social comparisons and the importance of lateral comparisons, which prompt less intense cognitive and emotional responses.