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Lipsky, A., Adams, M. W., & Okeke, C. (2024). Ground-truthing social network analysis for universal health coverage advocacy networks in Nigeria. RTI Press. RTI Press Policy Brief No. PB-0028-2405 https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2024.pb.0028.2405
Impact statement: Universal health coverage (UHC) - ensuring that everyone is able to access the care they need - is a global priority in global health development. Achieving UHC is not just a technical challenge (i.e., designing the right care packages and financing schemes), it is also a political challenge that can be addressed through advocacy. This brief looks into how social network analysis can help understand effective advocacy for UHC.
From the literature, key factors contributing to network success include network cohesion, decentralized network structure, the use of collective action, strong transparency and trust among actors within an advocacy network, and clear communication and collaboration around advocacy objectives and the roles of all involved.
Discussions in Nigeria confirm continuity between the literature findings and the specific success factors in achieving advocacy wins in Nigeria.
Using social network analysis thinking to conduct qualitative interviews in Nigeria highlighted specific strengths and areas of potential growth for advocacy coalitions for universal health coverage.
Abstract
Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) requires commitment from a wide range of actors, including policy makers, civil society, and academics. In low- and middle-income countries, creating momentum among stakeholders can be challenging with competing priorities and limited funding. Advocacy coalitions—groups of like-minded organizations coalescing to achieve a common goal—have been used to achieve UHC; however, the effectiveness of advocacy coalitions for UHC is not well understood. This policy brief reviews literature on how social network analysis (SNA)—a method “effective in helping to understand how the stakeholders view one another, share information, cooperate, and take joint action”—has been used in low- and middle-income countries to evaluate UHC advocacy coalitions (Abbot et al., 2022). These findings were validated using experiences from coalition members in Nigeria advocating for UHC. The literature suggests that factors contributing to network success include network cohesion, decentralized network structure, collective action, strong transparency and trust between actors within an advocacy network, and clear communication and collaboration around advocacy objectives and the roles of all involved. The interviews suggest these themes are present in Nigeria as well. Using SNA thinking to conduct interviews in Nigeria, the authors highlighted specific strengths and areas of growth for advocacy coalitions for UHC.
La réalisation de la couverture santé universelle (CSU) nécessite l'engagement d'un large éventail d'acteurs, notamment les décideurs politiques, la société civile et les universitaires. Dans les pays à faible et revenu intermédiaire, susciter un élan parmi les parties prenantes peut être difficile avec des priorités concurrentes et un financement limité. Les coalitions de plaidoyer - des groupes d'organisations partageant les mêmes idées se regroupant pour atteindre un objectif commun - ont été utilisées pour réaliser la CSU ; cependant, l'efficacité des coalitions de plaidoyer pour la CSU n'est pas bien comprise. Ce document politique passe en revue la littérature sur la manière dont l'analyse des réseaux sociaux (ARS) - une méthode "efficace pour aider à comprendre comment les parties prenantes se perçoivent mutuellement, partagent des informations, coopèrent et prennent des mesures conjointes" - a été utilisée dans les pays à faible et revenu intermédiaire pour évaluer les coalitions de plaidoyer pour la CSU (Abbot et al., 2022). Ces résultats ont été validés à l'aide des expériences des membres de la coalition au Nigéria plaidant en faveur de la CSU. La littérature suggère que les facteurs contribuant au succès du réseau comprennent la cohésion du réseau, la structure décentralisée du réseau, l'action collective, une transparence et une confiance solides entre les acteurs au sein d'un réseau de plaidoyer, et une collaboration autour des objectifs de plaidoyer et des rôles de tous les intervenants. Les entretiens suggèrent que ces thèmes sont également présents au Nigéria. En utilisant la pensée de l'ARS pour mener des entretiens au Nigéria, les auteurs ont mis en évidence des forces spécifiques et des domaines de croissance pour les coalitions de plaidoyer pour la CSU.
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