A prospective cohort study using electronic medical records was undertaken to estimate the relative risk (RR) of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) following acute gastroenteritis (GE) in primary-care patients in The Netherlands and explore risk factors. Patients aged 18-70 years who consulted for GE symptoms from 1998 to 2009, met inclusion/exclusion criteria and had at least 1 year of follow-up data were included. Patients with non-GE consultations, matched by age, gender, consulting practice and time of visit, served as the reference group. At 1 year, 1 center dot 2% of GE patients (N=2428) had been diagnosed with IBS compared to 0 center dot 3% of the reference group (N=2354). GE patients had increased risk of IBS [RR 4 center dot 85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2 center dot 02-11 center dot 63]. For GE patients, concomitant cramps and history of psycho-social consultations were significantly associated with increased risk. GE patients had increased risk of IBS up to 5 years post-exposure (RR 5 center dot 40, 95% CI 2 center dot 60-11 center dot 24), suggesting there may be other contributing factors.
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