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Influence of point-of-sale tobacco displays and plain black and white cigarette packaging and advertisements on adults
Evidence from a virtual store experimental study
Nonnemaker, J., Kim, A., Shafer, P., Loomis, B., Hill, E., Holloway, J., & Farrelly, M. (2016). Influence of point-of-sale tobacco displays and plain black and white cigarette packaging and advertisements on adults: Evidence from a virtual store experimental study. Addictive Behaviors, 56, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.001
INTRODUCTION: We examined the potential impact of banning tobacco displays and mandating plain packaging and cigarette advertisements at the point of sale (POS) on adult outcomes. METHODS: A virtual convenience store was created with scenarios in which the tobacco product display was either fully visible (status quo) or enclosed behind a cabinet (display ban), and cigarette packs and advertisements were either in full color (status quo) or black and white, text only (plain). A national convenience sample of 1313 adult current smokers and recent quitters was randomized to 1 of 4 conditions and given a shopping task to complete in the virtual store. Main outcomes were participants' self-reported urge to smoke and tobacco purchase attempts in the virtual store. RESULTS: Compared with recent quitters in the status quo conditions, recent quitters in the display ban condition had lower urges to smoke (beta=-4.82, 95% CI=-8.16--1.49, p