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Dietary patterns associated with HbA1c and LDL cholesterol among individuals with type 1 diabetes in China
Jaacks, L. M., Crandell, J. L., Mendez, M. A., Lamichhane, A. P., Liu, W., Ji, L., Du, S., Rosamond, W., Popkin, B. M., & Mayer-Davis, E. J. (2015). Dietary patterns associated with HbA1c and LDL cholesterol among individuals with type 1 diabetes in China. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 29(3), 343-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.12.014
AIMS: To identify dietary patterns that influence cardiometabolic risk among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China.
METHODS: Data are from a cross-sectional study of T1D in China (n=99). Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-hour recalls. Reduced rank regression was used to identify dietary patterns from a set of 20 food groups that maximized the explained variation in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
RESULTS: Dietary pattern 1 was characterized by low intakes of wheat products and high-fat cakes, and high intakes of beans and pickled vegetables. Dietary pattern 2 was characterized by low intakes of high-fat cakes, nuts/seeds, fish/shellfish, and teas/coffee, and high intakes of rice and eggs. Participants in the highest tertile of dietary pattern 1 had significantly (p<0.05) higher HbA1c and LDL cholesterol compared to participants in the lowest tertile: mean difference in HbA1c was 1.0 percentage point (11 mmol/mol) and in LDL cholesterol was 0.36 mmol/L after adjustment for age and household income. Dietary pattern 2 was not associated with HbA1c or LDL cholesterol.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified a dietary pattern that is significantly related to HbA1c and LDL cholesterol. These findings provide support for behavioral strategies to prevent complications in individuals with T1D in China.