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San Francisco, CA

Alex H. Kral

Expertise

HIV/AIDS
Injecting Drug Users
Urban Health
Epidemiology

Biography

Alex Kral, PhD, is the program director of the Urban Health Program in RTI’s Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Research Division. Dr. Kral is an infectious disease epidemiologist with expertise in community-based research with urban poor populations. He is currently the principal investigator on a NIDA-funded study assessing factors associated with sexual risk among women who use methamphetamine, principal investigator of a NIDA-funded study on low-frequency heroin injectors, and coinvestigator on a NIDA-funded anthropological study of social networks of homeless heroin addicts. Dr. Kral has authored and coauthored 60 articles in peer-reviewed journals, including The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, American Journal of Epidemiology, American Journal of Public Health, AIDS, Journal of AIDS, Addiction, and Drug and Alcohol Dependence.

Education

PhD, Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley; MS, Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University; BA, Sociology, Georgetown University.

Selected Publications

Lorvick, J., Martinez, A., Gee, L., & Kral, A.H. (2006 May). Sexual and Injection Risk among Women who Inject Methamphetamine in San Francisco. Journal of Urban Health, 83 (3):497-505.

Kral, A.H., Lorvick, J., Ciccarone, D., Wenger, L., Gee, L., Martinez, A., & Edlin, B.R. (2005 Mar). HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among men who have sex with men and inject drugs in San Francisco. Journal of Urban Health, 82 (1 Suppl 1):i43-i50.

Seal, K.H., Kral, A.H., Lorvick, J., McNees, A., Gee, L., & Edlin, B.R. (2003 Aug 20). A randomized controlled trial of monetary incentives vs. outreach to enhance adherence to the hepatitis B vaccine series among injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 71 (2):127-131.

Kral, A.H., Lorvick, J., Gee, L., Bacchetti, P., Rawal, B., Busch, M., & Edlin, B.R. (2003 May 15). Trends in human immunodeficiency virus seroincidence among street-recruited injection drug users in San Francisco, 1987-1998. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157 (10):915-922.

Ciccarone, D., Bamberger, J., Kral, A.H., Edlin, B.R., Hobart, C.J., & Moon, A. (2001). Soft tissue infections among injection drug users -- San Francisco, California, 1996-2000. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 50:381-384.

Seal, K.H., Kral, A.H., Gee, L., Moore, L.D., Bluthenthal, R.N., Lorvick, J., & Edlin, B.R. (2001 Nov). Predictors and prevention of nonfatal overdose among street-recruited injection heroin users in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1998-1999. American Journal of Public Health, 91 (11):1842-1846.

Edlin, B.R., Seal, K.H., Lorvick, J., Kral, A.H., Ciccarone, D.H., Moore, L.D., & Lo, B. (2001 Jul 19). Is it justifiable to withhold treatment for hepatitis C from illicit-drug users? New England Journal of Medicine, 345 (3):211-215.

Kral, A.H., Bluthenthal, R.N., Lorvick, J., Gee, L., Bacchetti, P., & Edlin, B.R. (2001 May 5). Sexual transmission of HIV-1 among injection drug users in San Francisco, USA: risk-factor analysis. Lancet, 357 (9266):1397-1401.

Bluthenthal, R.N., Kral, A.H., Gee, L., Erringer, E.A., & Edlin, B.R. (2000 Mar 31). The effect of syringe exchange use on high-risk injection drug users: a cohort study. AIDS, 14 (5):605-611.

Kral, A.H., Bluthenthal, R.N., Booth, R.E., & Watters, J.K. (1998 Jan). HIV seroprevalence among street-recruited injection drug and crack cocaine users in 16 US municipalities. American Journal of Public Health, 88 (1):108-113.

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